Centos Tar 安装

6 min read Oct 03, 2024

How to Install Software from a TAR Archive on CentOS

CentOS, a popular Linux distribution, uses the .tar format for distributing software packages. These archives contain compressed files and directories that need to be extracted before use. While CentOS has its own package manager, yum, for installing applications, sometimes you may need to install software from a .tar archive.

What is a TAR Archive?

A .tar (Tape Archive) file is a basic archive format used to bundle and compress multiple files and directories into a single file. These archives can be created and extracted on various operating systems.

Why Use TAR Archives?

There are several reasons why you might need to use a .tar archive for software installation on CentOS:

Software not available in the CentOS repositories: Some software might not be available through the yum package manager. You can download these from the developer's website as .tar archives.
Newer versions of software: If you need a more recent version than what's available in the repositories, you can obtain it as a .tar archive.
Specialized software: Some applications might require manual installation from a .tar archive.

Installing Software from a TAR Archive

Here's how you can install software from a .tar archive on CentOS:

Download the TAR Archive: Obtain the .tar archive from the software developer's website.
Navigate to the Download Directory: Use the cd command to navigate to the directory where you saved the .tar file. For example, if you downloaded it to your home directory:
```
cd ~/Downloads 
```
Extract the TAR Archive: Use the following command to extract the contents of the archive. The -xvf option tells tar to extract the contents, and -C specifies the directory where you want to extract the files.
```
tar -xvf  -C  
```
Example:
```
tar -xvf my_software.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 
```
This command extracts the contents of my_software.tar.gz to the /usr/local/ directory.
Configure and Install the Software: After extracting the archive, you may need to configure and install the software. This process will depend on the specific application. Look for a README or INSTALL file within the extracted directory for instructions.

Example: Installing Apache Web Server

Download the Archive: Download the Apache web server source code from the Apache website.

Extract the Archive:

tar -xvf httpd-2.4.53.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src

Configure and Build:

cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.53
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
make 
make install

Start Apache:
```
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
```

Common TAR File Extensions

You might encounter different file extensions along with .tar, indicating different compression formats used:

.tar.gz: Compressed using gzip.
.tar.bz2: Compressed using bzip2.
.tar.xz: Compressed using xz.

To extract these files, simply replace the gzip option in the tar command with the corresponding compression method:

.tar.gz: tar -xvzf <archive_name.tar.gz> -C <destination_directory>
.tar.bz2: tar -xvjf <archive_name.tar.bz2> -C <destination_directory>
.tar.xz: tar -xvfJ <archive_name.tar.xz> -C <destination_directory>

Additional Notes

Root Privileges: For most installations, you might need root privileges to install the software in system directories. You can use the sudo command to elevate privileges:
```
sudo tar -xvf  -C 
```
Dependencies: Software from .tar archives may require additional libraries or dependencies. Install these using the yum package manager or by following instructions provided with the software.
Configuration: Pay close attention to the configuration files for the software after installation. You may need to modify them to fit your specific system settings.
Documentation: Always refer to the documentation provided with the software for detailed instructions on installation, configuration, and usage.

Conclusion

Installing software from .tar archives on CentOS allows you to obtain software not available through the standard package manager or newer versions of existing applications. Understanding the basics of .tar archives and the necessary commands can significantly enhance your software management capabilities on CentOS.